Boot Process Gets Stuck

[rwernerar]

I have attempted a fresh, clean installation of the latest version. However, there seems to be absolutely no way to make it happen! The boot process gets stuck. The only remaining option to try is changing the SD card. Nevertheless, the same card works perfectly when flashing Raspberry Pi OS.

I'm running a Raspberry Pi 4 with 8 GB, connected to an HDMI screen. If anyone has any suggestions, I would be grateful. I'll keep trying regardless!

[rwernerar]

UPDATE:
I've purchased a new SanDisk EXTREME PRO 64GB microSD card. I flashed the brand-new card with the latest versions of Raspiblitz and Balena. However, the boot process gets stuck at the exact same place as before.

For reference, I've attempted to fix the filesystem using both Linux and Windows. In both cases, no errors are detected, and no issues are resolved. Additionally, I tried flashing the Raspberry OS for Raspberry Pi 4, and that worked without any issues.